Law Today

Category: Courts

  • Judges, Legal Experts Advocate Strengthening ADR in Competition Law Enforcement

    Judges, Legal Experts Advocate Strengthening ADR in Competition Law Enforcement

    Judges and legal experts on Monday underscored the importance of strengthening alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to enhance the enforcement of competition law in Pakistan.

    Speakers expressed during a high-level symposium titled “Leadership, Professionalism in Quasi-Judicial Role and Competition Law Jurisprudence”, organized by the Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) . The event brought together prominent judges, legal scholars, and practitioners to exchange insights and deliberate on key challenges in the evolving field of competition law.

    The keynote address was delivered by Justice Jawad Hassan of the Lahore High Court (LHC) , one of Pakistan’s foremost jurists in constitutional and competition law. Justice Hassan spoke on “Maintainability of Writ Petitions – Doctrine of Ripeness”, citing his landmark judgments that have significantly influenced the interpretation and application of competition law in Pakistan.

    The symposium featured distinguished speakers from both Pakistan and the United Kingdom. Deputy District Judge Ghazan Mahmood, a senior member of the Judiciary of England and Wales with over 25 years of experience, presented on “Evidence in Civil Cases”, offering comparative perspectives on how evidentiary standards in the UK contribute to fair adjudication in civil matters.

    District Judge Sufiyan Rana, another senior figure from the UK judiciary specializing in mediation and judicial training, discussed “Leadership and Professionalism in Quasi-Judicial Roles.” He emphasized the critical role of ethics, transparency, and continuous judicial education, sharing best practices from his experience across the UK and Europe.

    Adding an academic dimension to the discourse, Dr. Ahmad Ghouri, Associate Professor at the University of Sussex and a renowned expert in commercial and international law, explored the complexities of cross-border regulatory frameworks and their implications for competition law. He stressed the need for harmonization and policy coherence in a globalized market environment.

    Earlier, in his welcome address, Dr. Kabir Ahmed Sidhu, Chairman of the CCP, reaffirmed the Commission’s commitment to promoting a competitive and transparent economic landscape. He highlighted the importance of principled decision-making and strengthening the Commission’s quasi-judicial functions to ensure a level playing field for businesses.

    Participants praised the initiative for fostering meaningful dialogue and promoting greater synergy between judicial and regulatory institutions, seen as essential for building a robust competition regime in Pakistan.

  • CJP Yahya Afridi Wraps Up Official Week-Long Visits to China and Türkiye

    CJP Yahya Afridi Wraps Up Official Week-Long Visits to China and Türkiye

    After participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states’ conference in China, Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Yahya Afridi, returned to the country on Sunday.

    Chief Justice of Pakistan Yahya Afridi led a delegation of judges to take part in the 20th Conference of Chief Justices of the Supreme Courts of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Member States, held in Hangzhou, China, from April 22 to 23, 2025, state media reported.

    The prestigious gathering brought together Chief Justices and senior judicial authorities from SCO member states, including China, Belarus, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Türkiye.

    The conference centered around crucial contemporary judicial issues such as Judicial Governance of Cybersecurity, Judicial Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Judiciary’s Role in Preventing and Resolving Conflicts and Disputes, Judicial Protection of Minors, and Combating Violent Terrorism.

    In his inaugural address on April 23, 2025, Chief Justice Afridi highlighted the importance of establishing a robust platform for judicial cooperation. He emphasized the transformative role of technology in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and access to justice. Highlighting the Supreme Court of Pakistan’s initiatives towards digitalization and case management, Chief Justice Afridi encouraged collective efforts amongst the SCO nations to embrace innovative legal technologies.

    He further stressed the significance of training programs, workshops, and knowledge-sharing forums, expressing Pakistan’s enthusiasm to collaborate with SCO member states in fostering judicial excellence and adopting modern legal methodologies.

    While respecting the unique legal traditions of each member state, he advocated for harmonizing judicial procedures in mutual areas of interest such as commercial arbitration, environmental law, and human rights, thereby reducing litigation uncertainties and boosting investor confidence across the SCO region.

    Additionally, on the sidelines of the SCO Conference, Chief Justice Yahya Afridi held separate bilateral meetings with the Chief Justice of Iran and Turkiye, exploring ways to deepen judicial exchanges and collaborative engagements. This interaction underscores Pakistan’s dedication to strengthening international judicial cooperation. The conference concluded successfully, issuing a comprehensive joint statement underscoring a commitment to uphold the “Shanghai Spirit”—characterized by mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, and respect for cultural diversity—and to further strengthen judicial cooperation among member states. Key resolutions from the joint statement include:

    1. Commitment to the Shanghai Spirit: Member states reaffirmed principles of mutual respect, inclusive development, and cultural diversity, pledging continued unity, cooperation, and defense of international law and the UN-centered international order.
    2. Cybersecurity and Digital Governance: The Supreme Courts expressed readiness to enhance cooperation against cross-border cybercrime, improve data security, and contribute to a fair and balanced global internet governance system.
    3. Judicial Use of AI and Smart Technologies: The member states agreed to integrate technologies such as AI, blockchain, big data, and IoT in judicial processes while addressing associated legal, ethical, and social challenges.
    4. Conflict Resolution: There was a consensus to improve judicial frameworks supporting dispute resolution, including greater reliance on arbitration and mediation to manage increasing judicial workloads.
    5. Protection of Minors: A united stance was taken on strengthening legal frameworks to protect the rights of minors, sharing best practices, and ensuring a safe, supportive environment underpinned by the rule of law.
    6. Combating Terrorism and Extremism: Member states committed to intensified cooperation in criminal justice, especially in countering terrorism, extremism, and transnational crimes.
    7. Judicial Exchange and Capacity Building: The Conference endorsed increased exchanges of judicial personnel, judge training initiatives, and case law sharing to enhance professional competence across jurisdictions.

    The Supreme Courts of the SCO member states reaffirmed their commitment to fostering closer judicial ties to promote regional peace, security, stability, and prosperity. It was announced that the 21st Conference of Chief Justices of SCO Supreme Courts will be hosted by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2026.
    Later in the evening on 23rd April, Justice Yahya Afridi flew to Istanbul to attend 63rd anniversary of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Türkiye on the invitation of Mr. Kadir Özkaya (President of the Constitutional Court of Türkiye), beginning from 25th April.

    During his visit to Türkiye, the Hon’ble Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mr. Justice Yahya Afridi, addressed the 63rd Anniversary Ceremony of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Türkiye. He expressed deep appreciation for the long-standing brotherly ties between Pakistan and Türkiye, rooted in shared values and mutual support dating back to Türkiye’s War of Independence.

    Commending the Constitutional Court’s progressive jurisprudence, particularly its individual application mechanism and decisions safeguarding fundamental rights, the Chief Justice lauded its role in advancing constitutionalism and human dignity. He reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to enhancing judicial cooperation and learning through mutual exchange, emphasizing that the shared pursuit of justice and constitutional order binds the two nations in a common cause.

    During bilateral discussions, the Turkish counterpart also principally agreed to extend support to Pakistan’s judiciary in the areas of strengthening case management systems, enhancing judicial exchange programs at district level judiciary, cooperation in AI adoption and fostering mutual learning from experiences. The Hon’ble Chief Justice left Istanbul later in the night and arrived in Pakistan early Monday morning.

  • AJK High Court Suspends USC Order for Employee Service Removal

    AJK High Court Suspends USC Order for Employee Service Removal

    Accepting the plea of a large number of aggrieved employees of the Utility Stores Corporation (USC) in Muzaffarabad Region, the Azad Jammu and Kashmir High Court has sought a comprehensive response from people at the helm of affairs, who have been blamed for removal of petitioner from service and shutting down store operations in the region.

    Advocate High Court Syed Abdul Basit Gillani filed the petition, making the USC Chairman Board of Directors and others as respondents saying the USC decision to merge stores and closure of operation will curtail fundamental rights of aggrieved employees.

    Advocate Gillani apprised the court that the USC failed to issue service regularization formal orders petitioner. He also informed the court that respondents were delaying regularization without any justification and ultimately relieved the petitioner from the service on the garb of rightsizing.

    Syed Abdul Basit Gillani requested the court to issue stay order to the extend to adopt any policy of closure or merger of stores in Muzaffarabad region which may deprive the petitioners from their accrued rights and benefits of service including pension, gratuity and other pension benefits as admissible for regular employees of the USC.

    After a brief hearing of the matter, the court issued stay order against impugned notices of the USC issued in April 8, 2025. The court directed respondents of the matter to submit response in the matter for further proceedings on May 6,2025.

  • Call for Climate Justice: Mediation Approach Urged for Legal Professionals

    Call for Climate Justice: Mediation Approach Urged for Legal Professionals

    While addressing the roundtable ‘Bridging the Climate Gap: Mediation and Climate-Conscious Lawyering’ on Saturday, speakers emphasized the legal fraternity’s role in advancing climate action through proactive mediation and education.

    One of the key speaker Justice Jawad Hassan of the Lahore High Court highlighted Pakistan’s pioneering role in climate litigation, referencing how Pakistani courts have shaped a credible climate jurisprudence recognized internationally.

    Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) in collaboration with the Islamabad High Court Bar Association (IHCBA) in Islamabad arranged the roundtable in Islamabad.

    “Pakistan is the first country to deliver judgments mandating climate mitigation and mediation,” expressed Justice Jawad Hassan, citing the 26th Constitutional Amendment’s acknowledgment of climate rights.

    Justice Hassan stressed the need to enhance public awareness and sensitize legal fraternity to penalize any of the party failing to comply with the direction to undergo mediation for a peaceful and less adversarial dispensation of justice.

    Opening the session, SDPI Executive Director Dr Abid Qaiyum Suleri highlighted SDPI’s long-standing commitment to public rights advocacy and its critical collaboration with Pakistan’s judiciary and legal fraternity.

    He stressed the need for a robust nexus between bar and bench, and research think tanks to address the escalating challenges posed by climate change.  “Natural calamities cannot be stopped, but with the right policies and practices, we can mitigate their worst impacts,” Dr Suleri noted saying in an era of rapid information flow and Artificial Intelligence, the judiciary’s role needs a timely redefinition.

    Romina Khurshid Alam, Prime Minister’s Coordinator on Climate Change, emphasized the critical role of climate awareness and education for legal fraternity. She said: “Climate change knows no borders — it is a universal crisis which is impacting all nations, communities, and sectors. In this battle, the role of lawyers and the judiciary is pivotal.”

    She further said educating legal professionals on climate science, environmental laws, and sustainable practices is the need of hour, if we are to build a future-ready justice system.

    “Mediation must be recognized as a powerful tool in this regard and not as a secondary option but as a frontline method for resolving complex environmental disputes efficiently and equitably,” she maintained. She praised the efforts of organizations like International Bar Association (IBA) and SDPI for driving forward climate education and emphasized that Pakistan must take proactive steps to integrate climate-conscious mediation into its legal processes.

    The event, moderated by Barrister Sarah Kazmi from the International Bar Council, brought together notable judges, legal experts, and policymakers.Speaking online from Australia, Emily Morrison from the International Bar Association (IBA) also called upon global legal practitioners to engage meaningfully with climate issues ahead of COP 30. “Lawyers environmental education is the key to combat the issue in courts,” she said.

    The panel discussion, featuring experts like Dr Pulwasha Ayaz Khan, Omar Soomro, and Syed Bulent Sohail, shed light on regional challenges. Dr Khan pointed out the environmental vulnerabilities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, highlighting the urgent need for a coordinated national climate action plan. Omar Soomro, former Law Minister of Sindh, highlighted the importance of legislative reforms to mainstream mediation, particularly in complex environmental disputes.

    Syed Bulent Sohail said that amid growing climate awareness, the bar councils must assume leadership roles, and the courses offered by global institutions like Oxford University can equip lawyers with essential climate knowledge.

    Justice Sufiyan Rana and Judge Ghazan Mahmood from the England and Wales judiciary provided comparative insights, noting that while mediation is mandatory in the UK courts post-Woolf reforms, Pakistani courts are rapidly adapting, with over 15 significant judgments promoting mandatory mediation in the last year alone. Justice Rana emphasized that mediation not only reduces litigation burdens but also fosters communal harmony by blending indigenous practices with formal legal systems.

    President of IHCBA Syed Wajid Ali Gillani lauded the discussions, saying: “We have opened the door for collaboration, and now its time to act as to how the legal profession can serve as a force for environmental justice.”

  • Court Decrees Rs71 Lacs Against DILOYO (Pvt.) Ltd. Cafe

    Court Decrees Rs71 Lacs Against DILOYO (Pvt.) Ltd. Cafe

    Awarding seven million rupees compensation to an aggrieved party as remedy over breach of contract, the court of Civil Judge Islamabad Ms Ambreen Iqbal Chaudhry Thursday decreed a suit against DILOYO (Private Limited) – a chain of cafes owned by Qamar Abbas.

    The Court of Ms Ambreen Iqbal Chaudhary has relied on Section 73 of the Contract Act, 1872 which stipulates that compensation is liable to be paid for breach of contract.  The Court issued directives to the cafe and its owner to pay Muhammad Ishtiaq Aslam Malik sum of seventy-one lacs as compensation for the investment he made in this business venture.

    The Court also directed a payment of 8% interest from the date of the decision of the suit until its realization. This judgment represents a significant victory for investors who have been defrauded of their money by business partners.The background facts of the case are that in late November 2023 one Qamar Abbas, a person hailing from Quetta who purported to be an entrepreneurial genius lured Ishtiaq, a pensioner, into investing his life-time savings in a cafe called “BREE”.

    By the standards of Pakistani civil justice, obtaining a civil suit  decreed in one year time is something of a record – I am quite satisfied with the outcome, and I think today’s judgment gives hope to Pakistani investors who have been defrauded of their savings by clever fraudsters posing as business partners – my client’s stance has not only been vindicated publicly, but also, I am hopeful that his loss will soon be recovered”, says  counsel for the Investor Osama Yousaf.

    Qamar Abbas claimed that this was a successful of upcoming chain of cafes and promised to use the investment to setup a new branch of the cafe. He further promised that not only would the investor be able to get a share of the revenue, he would also have ownership rights over the new branch. Qamar gave written projections, promising that the worth of the project would be doubled within a handful of years, if not more. Relying upon these promises,  Ishtiaq invested millions of rupees in the project.

    Soon after receiving the investment, Qamar Abbas started creating imaginary quarrels with the investor and a few months down the road, on 15th January 2024, sent the investor a termination letter. He sought to oust the investor without returning his capital.

    The investor, left with no other remedy, filed a suit for declaration, permanent injunction and damages. After recording evidence, the Civil Court decreed the case in favor of the investor in its eight page long judgment, spanning over nineteen paragraphs.

    The Court of Ms Ambreen Iqbal Chaudhary relied on Section 73 of the Contract Act, 1872 which stipulates that compensation is liable to be paid for breach of contract. The Court also relied upon a ruling of the Supreme Court in Habib Bank versus Mahboob Rabbani 2023 SCMR 1189. Besides granting contractual damages, the Court also granted general damages worth one million to the investor on account of the mental anguish he suffered. The Court also granted him one million on account of lost opportunity to invest in alternative ventures, and one lac rupees by way of litigation costs.

    Advocate Osama Yousaf from Law and Policy Chamber represented the investor before Court in the matter . While contacted he responded saying,  “By the standards of Pakistani civil justice, obtaining a civil suit  decreed in one year time is something of a record – I am quite satisfied with the outcome, and I think today’s judgment gives hope to Pakistani investors who have been defrauded of their savings by clever fraudsters posing as business partners – my client’s stance has not only been vindicated publicly, but also, I am hopeful that his loss will soon be recovered.”

  • SCBA Urges Government to Declare All Indian Diplomats in Pakistan as Persona Non Grata

    SCBA Urges Government to Declare All Indian Diplomats in Pakistan as Persona Non Grata

    Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan on Wednesday urged the government to declare all Indian diplomats currently present in Pakistan as persona-non-grata and direct them to leave the country within 48 hours.

    In the wake of escalated diplomatic tensions due to the Pahalgam incident, SCBA in a statement said that at this juncture, a firm tit-for-tat response is essential to uphold the national dignity.  The SCBA said that Pahalgam is yet another classic example of a false flag operation, akin to the Pulwama incident and numerous orchestrated act aimed at falsely accusing Pakistan of harboring terrorism

    The SCBA categorically rejected the Indian allegation which hold no credibility in the eyes of the International community and amount to nothing more than a blatant pack of lies. The association maintained that the Pahalgam incident is a failed attempt by India to diver global attention from its state-sponsored oppression and documented war crimes in the Indian-occupied Kashmir.

    “The grave human rights violations and war crimes committed by the Indian army in the occupied Kashmir must not go unnoticed,” SCBA said. SCBA said that India’s longstanding record of spreading terrorism, both internally and across the region under religious and political pretext, is irrefutable. A prime example of Indian state-sponsored terrorism is Kulbhushan Jadave, a serving Indian military officer in Pakistan,s custody. The association urged the international community to acknowledge and take serious note of India’s role in state-sponsored terrorism.

    The SCBA statement further said that the legal fraternity remain resolute in unwavering commitment to defending the rights of the people of occupied Kashmir and will persist in raising its voice against the injustices faced by the innocent Kashmiris under successive Indian regimes.

  • CJP to Lead Delegation at SCO Moot in China

    CJP to Lead Delegation at SCO Moot in China

    The Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mr. Justice Yahya Afridi, will head a distinguished delegation to the 20th Conference of Chief Justices of the Supreme Courts of SCO Member States, scheduled in Hangzhou, China, from April 22 to 26, 2025.

    Accompanying the Chief Justice will be Mr. Justice Amin-ud-Din Khan, Mr. Justice Shahid Waheed, and two judges of the district judiciary: Mr. Zafar Jan, District and Sessions Judge Gwadar, the remotest district of Balochistan, and Ms. Nadia Gul Wazir, Senior Civil Judge District Lakki Marwat, a remote district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, says a press release.

    Their participation underscores Justice Yahya Afridi commitment of inclusivity within the judicial system as well ownership of judicial officers performing duty at way off places. During this significant event, an important Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is expected to be signed between the Supreme Court of Pakistan and the Supreme People’s Court of China.

    This MoU aims to significantly enhance bilateral judicial cooperation by establishing institutional linkages, facilitating capacity-building initiatives, and promoting knowledge exchange in critical areas, including international commercial law, arbitration, cybercrime, financial crime, climate change litigation, and judicial technology integration.

    Moreover, the MoU seeks to deepen collaboration in dispute resolution, recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions, and mutual legal assistance in civil matters, reaffirming the shared commitment of both nations towards judicial independence, sovereignty, and adherence to the rule of law.

    Mr. Justice Shahid Waheed will deliver a keynote speech titled “Judicial Application of Artificial Intelligence,” highlighting AI’s transformative potential to enhance judicial efficiency, transparency, and accessibility.
    Justice Waheed will discuss Pakistan’s ongoing initiatives, including AI-driven legal drafting in collaboration with global institutions such as ETH Zurich, advanced AI-based legal research tools, digitization of court records, and predictive analytics for ensuring consistent judicial outcomes.

    He will underscore the ethical framework necessary for AI integration, focusing on transparency, human oversight, bias mitigation, data protection, judicial training, accountability and establishing an AI Ethics Committee within Supreme Court of Pakistan to oversee the responsible and transparent application of AI technologies.

    Additionally, on the sidelines of the SCO Conference, Chief Justice Yahya Afridi will hold bilateral discussions with the Chief Justice of Iran, exploring ways to deepen judicial exchanges and collaborative engagements. This interaction underscores Pakistan’s dedication to strengthening international judicial cooperation.

    Top court anticipates these engagements will significantly contribute to judicial efficiency and improved access to justice, yielding mutual benefits for the judicial systems and citizens of the participating nations.

  • LHC Chief Justice Aalia Neelum Leads Biometric Case Filing Drive in Lahore District

    LHC Chief Justice Aalia Neelum Leads Biometric Case Filing Drive in Lahore District

    While launching a biometric case filing system in Lahore’s district judiciary, aimed at eliminating the filing of bogus and fake cases Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court (LHC) Justice Aalia Neelum disclosed the new system has been introduced in pursuance the top court directives saying the development has already been garnered appreciation from professional and merit-based lawyers.

    It is pertinent to mention that during last month taking a major step towards digitalization and greater efficiency in judicial proceedings, the Supreme Court has introduced new method of e-filing cases at the Institution Desk  with an incentive for fixing the electronically filed cases within 15 days.

    Justice Aalia Neelum emphasized that biometric verification of the petitioner or litigant is now mandatory for case filing. “If a litigant can come to sign a case with the lawyer, they can also come for biometric verification for filing,” she remarked, underlining the importance of authenticity in legal proceedings.

    She also announced that the daily cause list of cases is now live on the LHC mobile application, enabling lawyers and litigants to check which case is being heard in which courtroom in real-time. Additionally, LED screens will soon be installed outside courtrooms to display the live cause list for public convenience.

    Reaffirming her commitment to judicial reforms, the Chief Justice stated that the Lahore High Court is aligning its systems with modern-day needs to ensure swift and quality justice.

  • CCP Approves Fly Jinnah & Air Arabia Aviation Training Venture

    CCP Approves Fly Jinnah & Air Arabia Aviation Training Venture

    The Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) on Monday approved a joint venture between Fly Jinnah Services (Private) Limited and Air Arabia Academy LLC to establish Fly Jinnah T3 Flight Academy (Private) Limited. The new entity will provide aviation training services in Pakistan, marking a significant development in the country’s aviation education sector.

    The Commission evaluated the pre-merger application submitted by the two parties under the Competition (Merger Control) Regulations, 2016. As per the agreement, both parties will jointly invest in the new company to establish the training institute. The competition assessment revealed that the transaction is of a conglomerate nature, with no horizontal overlaps between the parties. Fly Jinnah operates in commercial airline services, while Air Arabia Academy is engaged in aviation training in the UAE.

    The joint venture, being a full-function entity, is expected to operate independently and enhance the availability and quality of aviation training services in Pakistan. The CCP’s evaluation concluded that the transaction is unlikely to substantially lessen competition or create a dominant position in the relevant market. Therefore, the merger has been authorized under Section 31(1)(d)(i) of the Act.  This collaboration is anticipated to contribute positively to the aviation sector by strengthening technical training infrastructure and creating opportunities for skill development.

  • LCRF Urges NHA to Revoke Toll Tax Hike Notification

    LCRF Urges NHA to Revoke Toll Tax Hike Notification

    Expressing grave concern over recent toll tax increase on national highways and motorways on Monday Lawyers for Consumer Rights Forum (LCRF) urged National Highways Authority (NHA) to withdraw notification immediately to facilitate the commuters.  

    President LCRF Khudayar Mohla is of the view that the government is not meant for business. Terming recent increase in motorway and highways toll taxes unjustifiable and unlawful he said it will increase unfair burden on commuters. He further said that LCRF has principally decided to challenge the legality of increase in toll tax.

    LCRF President Khudayar Mohla pointed out a large number of commuters will travel around the country on the occasion of Eidul Fitr and will pay unjustifiable extra toll taxes which is a sheer violation of fundamental rights.

    It is pertinent to mention that the NHA has announced another toll tax increase on national highways and motorways saying the increase will take effect from April 01. An official notification has been released in this regard. The toll charges for cars will be Rs70, vans Rs150, and bes Rs250.

    Two- and three-axle trucks would give Rs300, while larger trucks will pay Rs550. Major changes have been implemented on several key motorways, including M1, M3, M4, M5, M14, and E35. The toll for cars on the M1 Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway has increased from Rs500 to Rs550.

    On the M3 Lahore-Abdul Hakeem Motorway, the fee has increased from Rs700 to Rs800. Likewise, car tolls on the M4 Pindi Bhattian-Faisalabad-Multan route have gone up from Rs950 to Rs1,050, while those on the M5 Multan-Sukkur Motorway have increased from Rs1,100 to Rs1,200.

    The M14 Dera Ismail Khan-Hakla Motorway now charges Rs650 for cars, up from Rs600. The toll for cars on the E35 Hasan Abdal-Havelian-Mansehra route has been increased from Rs250 to Rs300. For big machineries, toll rates across these motorways now range from Rs850 to Rs5,750.

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